Is age important in learning a new language?
The question of whether age is important for second language learning is a topic of ongoing debate among linguists and educators. Some argue that children are better equipped to learn a second language due to their developing brains, while others argue that adults have certain advantages, such as prior knowledge and motivation. In this essay, we will examine the evidence on both sides of the debate.
On the one hand, it is often argued that children are better suited for second language learning due to their developing brains. Studies have shown that children have a unique capacity for language acquisition and that their brains are particularly receptive to new languages. In addition, children are generally more open-minded and willing to take risks when it comes to language learning, which can be a significant advantage.
Another argument in favor of children learning a second language is that they have more time to practice and develop their skills. Children have many years of formal education ahead of them, during which they will have ample opportunities to use and refine their language skills. They may also have the opportunity to use the second language in social situations outside of school, such as with family members or in extracurricular activities.
On the other hand, there are also arguments in favor of adults learning a second language. One advantage that adults have is prior knowledge. Adults have a much larger vocabulary and a more complex understanding of language than children do, which can make it easier for them to learn a second language. They may also have experience with other languages, which can help them make connections and identify patterns in the new language.
Another advantage that adults have is motivation. Adults often choose to learn a second language because they have a specific need or desire to do so, such as for work or travel. This motivation can be a powerful driving force in language learning, and can help adults overcome any challenges they may face.
In conclusion, while the debate over whether age is important for second language learning is ongoing, it is clear that both children and adults have certain advantages when it comes to language acquisition. Children may have more receptive brains and more time to practice, while adults have prior knowledge and motivation on their side. Ultimately, the key to successful language learning is a combination of factors, including exposure to the language, meaningful practice, and a supportive learning environment. With these factors in place, learners of any age can achieve fluency in a second language.
If you are interested in reading more, you may see these articles:
Granena, G., & Long, M. (2013). Age of onset, length of residence, language aptitude, and ultimate L2 attainment in three linguistic domains. Second Language Research, 29(3), 311-343.
Krashen, S. (1973). Lateralization, language learning, and the critical period: Some new evidence. Language Learning, 23(1), 63-74.
Abello-Contesse, C., Chavez, M., Lopez-Jimenez, M., & Torreblanca-Lopez, M. (2012). The influence of age on second language acquisition: A brief review. International Journal of English Linguistics, 2(6), 57-61.
DeKeyser, R. (2013). Age effects in second language learning: Stepping stones toward better understanding. Language Learning, 63(S1), 52-67.
Birdsong, D. (2018). Aging and L2 learning. In K. Schwieter (Ed.), The Cambridge Handbook of Bilingualism (pp. 503-520). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.